Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Building Our Own Utopia Essay - 1766 Words

Since humanity, a perfect place has always been imagined and tried. Although there have been many places that have attempted this type of community, none have ever been close to a Utopia. Nevertheless, my group will defeat this challenge and simulate the flawless country. Echo will be like nothing ever seen before. It will be a place where people will have the freedom of a democracy, the order of a dictatorship, the understanding of a direct democracy, and the equality of communism. Arcadia will thrive with advanced understanding of science, technology, and mathematics. Countries will face us with awe and desire of our technology, and concern of the world. Our country will be the place where philosophers, scientists, and other†¦show more content†¦At the north of the mainland, a dense tropical forest spans across nearly one hundred seventy kilometers of the island. The forest will be rich with life and vegetation only native to that environment. Bananas, cocoa beans, and coffee are only a few of the things the forest produces while monkeys, dolphins, and tropical birds will roam around the large rainforest. To the middle of the large island, a medium sized city the size of Miami will cover the west side of the middle part of the large island. This city will have rivers passing through every block similar to the canals of Venice. The coast of the city, unlike Venice will have many short beaches that are cut off by the rivers flowing into the ocean. Behind the city, a large, towering inactive volcano with the height of 3,000 meters will house the only dessert in the island. Similar to the Teide Volcano in Tenerife, the volcano will have snow at its apex. In the east coast, next to the volcano, a small city the size of downtown Austin, Texas will be the home to many surfers looking for large open waves coming from the open Atlantic Ocean. Lastly, at the end of the large island, a gigantic, tall mountain range the height of the Rockies will be the tourist attraction for the people looking for a summer ski. Just like Valle Nevado, the peaks of the ski resorts in the mountains will not have vegetation but the lower parts of the mountains will have a dense vegetation of Alpine trees.Show MoreRelated Comparing the Societies in Machiavellis The Prince and Mores Utopia950 Words   |  4 PagesA Comparison of Societies in Machiavellis The Prince and Mores Utopia A perfect society has always been the goal for many; unfortunately it has only existed in books. The Prince by Niccolà ³ Machiavelli, written in 1513, provides necessary information to become a Prince who will obtain, keep, and please his empire. Thomas Mores Utopia, written in 1516, creates an ideal civilization that will live happily, comfortably, and without any problems. Both books attempted to solve problems withinRead MoreMerit-Based Utopia Essay1113 Words   |  5 PagesPeople are the building blocks of a society. The society is perfect only if each individual achieves happiness through his/her own satisfaction from achievements. In order for that to happen, the society should be merit-based. A place where people have an incentive to work for themselves without harming others will ensure a safe, respectful, and successful community. Unlike our society in the twentieth century, people are actually encouraged to strive for success and get rewarded according to theRead MoreEssa y on Utopia785 Words   |  4 PagesThe Life That We’ll Never Live In our lives today, we take advantage of all the luxuries that are presented daily. Freedom alone is one of the greatest luxuries we possess as an American nation. In Death and Life of Great American Cities by Jane Jacobs and Utopia by Thomas Moore, we are presented two life styles, which some might consider very similar in various ways. Both authors focus on a peaceful living lifestyle, to better the people of the nation. Although some of their specific detailsRead MoreThe State Of Utopi A Continuity Of Operations Plan1644 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction. The State of Utopia has determined to develop a Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) that incorporates all of the key state governmental functions. The National Guard (NG) being one of these key organizations has been tasked to develop and coordinate their own plan and ensure it nests correctly within the state plan. The Adjutant General of Utopia has ordered that the Joint Staff produce a COOP that relocates the affected units to an alternate site, accounts for and protects all personnelRead MoreMy Views On Architecture And Architecture1535 Words   |  7 Pagesthink. It returns our moulding of the world in order to inhabit it and the geometry of what we build is far from neutral. I chose to explore and research Longford Cinema which is located in the Greater Manchester suburb of Stretford. This astonishing building lies on the junction of Chester Road and Edge Lane, opposite Streford Mall. Designed by the architect Henry Elder. Longford Cinema is an astonishing Art Deco, moderni st architecture. In this writing I will look at the building in detail and theRead MoreUtopia By John James Audubon Said1655 Words   |  7 Pages Utopia John James Audubon said: â€Å"A true conservationist is a man who knows what the world is not given by his fathers, but borrowed from his children†. And I totally agree with this statement, because nowadays we often forget that we have to preserve over land for next generations. But it is difficult to remember about everything in our very busy lifestyle. However, let s image for a second that our world became perfect. Perfection means utopia. What is utopia? The dictionary explains:†Read MoreProud of Living and Working in Jozi1284 Words   |  5 PagesProud of living and working in Jozi We all want to live in cities of which we can be proud. We all want smooth operating public services, less traffic, new roads, attractive and functional buildings, secure public spaces and wealth opportunities that can change lives for the better. So why then do we expect local government and municipalities to do it alone? Isn’t it true that in the 128 year history of Johannesburg, the City reached more milestones than any other city in the country, evenRead MoreBritish Craftsmanship Regarding the World of Theater620 Words   |  3 Pagesof theater to be what it is today. For instance, Londons own William Shakesphere, whose plays have been significantly enhanced through theater, however what truly creates theater? Actually, it is the specialized inclinations that are observed all round the globe. All these enhancements have been sustained from England and held protected under lock and key. Below am going to discuss the tendencies that come in the realm of Theater building my contention on the theaters of England. Historical basedRead MoreEssay on Going Green in the Home1671 Words   |  7 Pagesmotive has thus the effect of developments that have been initiated with an attempt to ensure a reverse of the situation. Such a world where nature is in unison with the environment is like the one depicted by Sir Thomas More in his 1516 book Utopia. Utopia was depicted to be an island; a fictional one though in the Atlantic Ocean that had an ideal society, as the creator of the fiction depicted the world ought to be, universally. Such a state, as was first proposed by Plato in his book, RepublicRead MoreUtopian Urbanism That Forms Utopic Degeneration2222 Words   |  9 PagesFrom recent years, utopian urbanism connects with the so-called crisis of modernist urbanism that forms utopic degeneration. Utopia has developed to mean a community with a visionary system of political and societal perfection, where cities that function to improve the daily lives of its citizens; an ideal society, However these concepts are more often than not depicted as an impossible dream, yet too bold, too radical to ever exist in real life. Some utopian visions are focused on new technology

Monday, December 16, 2019

Why are Keralans better of than other Indians Free Essays

There are many reasons why the people in Kerala have a better standard of living than in other Indian states. Some of the reasons are to do with nature and some are to do with human decisions. The State of Kerala is good for farming. We will write a custom essay sample on Why are Keralans better of than other Indians? or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many natural advantages, for example large amounts of precipitation, with 120-140 rainy days per year, Kerala has a wet, tropical climate, consequently making the soil incredibly fertile. The climate is very humid and wet, which is perfect to grow crops. A map of India: The government of Kerala made some unusual decisions about how to run the state. They introduced ‘land reform,’ which basically means the government give every family one hectare of land each. The government prevent the rich to own more then 10 hectares by buying the land off them, as a result everyone gets an opportunity to own something, this then gives the poor starting points to earn money, whereas in other Indian states the poor stay poor because they do not receive the level of help required. Over 1.5 million homeless families benefited from land reform. Land reform Meant Keralans could grow food on their properties for consumption (for survival) and sell it for a better standard of living. Many Keralans have stopped growing only rice and now have a greater variety of crops. Keralans now grow tapioca, ginger, banana’s and coconuts. Farmers sell less rice because the rice from the state of Tamil Nadu is significantly cheaper because the workers get paid a considerably smaller wage. Keralans want to grow more profitable crops to be able to pay for after school classes for their children. Growing one hectare of rice gets only 25, 000 rupees but growing coconuts make 50, 000 rupees. Coconut palms, as an example, have many different uses. Coconuts can be used sell or consume, (ear or drink the juices). Used to make cosmetics, fuel for cooking, the residue from making oil is used for cattle food. Coconuts are useful for making mats and ropes. Coconut leaves are used to thatch roofs. Keralans are better educated than other Indians. Keralans are given free education, I personally think this is a beneficial idea to educate the children because they are the future, the Keralans are thinking about the long-term effects of a free education whereas the other Indian states do not give education unless the citizens give money. The Keralan government provide free education, however the classes are exceptionally large, as a result the children would not get the right amount of education necessary. This is why parents work hard on farms to produce the best quality of crops. Selling as much as possible and getting the largest possible yield means more money, that way the children have a better chance of doing well academically. Well educated Keralans get the opportunity to work abroad as they get more money this way, hence, wages for farm labourers are higher in Kerala than in the neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu, as fewer workers are available. Money is sent home from abroad, for that reason, the Keralans have money to spend, they can afford manufactured goods and this encourages new businesses to start up. New jobs means more jobs available in Kerala other than farming which is very hard and tiring. Parents do not want their children to do that. People with jobs have a better standard of living. This all leads to a developed, better state for the people of Kerala to live in. I think that the state of Kerala is more developed than other parts of India because they can afford to spend money on manufactured goods, meaning more businesses are likely to start up. Because of this new jobs are available for the children that are not very intelligent or that did badly at school. The Keralan government realise that educating children is a necessity because when they are old and ill and need a doctor it will be one of those children, so in the future everyone benefits from this. How to cite Why are Keralans better of than other Indians?, Papers

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Genre analysis in poetry “ the pragmatic approach Essay Example For Students

Genre analysis in poetry â€Å" the pragmatic approach Essay Nonetheless, it takes a little intelligence to understand these corpuses of descriptive lexis because today, the poems are more straightforward due to the change of generations. The genre analysis on poetry or literary text covers a wide scope from musical traditions to prayers (olden days) and from letters to advertisements. Therefore, it is safe to say that poems were widely used for communicative purpose, whether in general or specific aspect. Steinberg (2007) also stated that poems, like art, has been used as a communicative medium cause they are easier to follow and learn by heart, after which they can be combined with other genres such as songs and dances. Besides that, the exploitation of genres is also evident as we study on the pragmatics and structural cognition of a poem. Pragmatics is the study on the meaning behind the context; later in this research, the study will reveal the relationship between them as to how it affects the understanding of the cohort today. Furthermore, the paper will also discuss on the structural cognition of a poem why the lines and stanzas are arrange in a certain inner , as well as does it bring any meaning or purpose towards the readers. Literature Review According to Their and Aha (2013), it is a must for people to deal with all sorts of communication in our daily lives that uses some of the methods of poetry, including editorials, sermons, political speeches, advertisements and magazine articles. No doubt, our further research shows that poems are used to advertise a product in a creative way since the usual paragraph-sis sentences were too common in newspapers or printed mediums. The study of pragmatics are not clearly stated by author Dick (1977), however he mentioned that a literary text may be pragmatically vague or ambiguous so to say, in which both a literary or ritual function and a practical function may be assigned. Therefore, we conducted our research on a slight aspect of pragmatics to study on the relations with current generation and if it means anything to the message the poets are trying to tell. Our research questions are therefore: 1 . How are literary actions and their context related to structures of literary text? 2. In which respect are these actions, context and textual manifestations animal to and/or different from those in other types of communication, both verbal and non-verbal? In short, our aim and purpose of this study is to find (if) there an a dissimilar to the poetic genre and to understand the literary pram well as to discover the rhetorical function of poetry respectively. Approach Figure 1 Lyric poems rhymes: (8) and (2) By veneration Methodology The research is qualitative overall. Eight poems in total are co from two books and another four from websites. These collection randomly Just because we would like to study on the effectiveness sections, but it will not be discussed in this research paper as to the main objective of our study, at all. Following is the list of o abstract from Sahara and Rust Matthew Arnold (1853) 2. An by Matthew Arnold (1951) 3. An abstract from A Battalion-commander Complains to His Se (1989) 4. An abstract from My Lost Youth by Henry Headwords 5. Http://www. Scribed. Com/doc/67525005/Love-Letter-1#Scribed 6. Http://www. Poets. Org/poets/poem/nothing-gold-can-stay 7. Http://www. Correspondence. Org. UK/year 8 ChCharlotteballballad8.PDFtp:/Http. azlyriClassicslyComs/nickimmimicking Tsups we compare and contrast between poems of different g traditional and modern poem, love letters and advertisement. As advertisement genre, it would be discussed separately as the eff cuoffnt generation later in the final wrap-up of our research. Ne claEnifications of poems are as follow: 1. Lyric poem: (2), (4), (6) an 2. Traditional and modern poem: (1), (3) and (7) 3. Love letters: (5) Data Analysis In this section, we will include the poems or abstracts used in stage. This section will also include the elements that touch on t textual manifestations of the literary actions. Elements involved. Rhymes, lines, couple-rhymes nrel Funreele 2 Lyric poems adverbs and conjunctions: (4) and (6) ; adverbs, coordinating, conjunctions, pron Fprope 3 Story poem traditional: (1) Elements involved: context, illustration, approach, italics, empha Omahae 4 Story poem modern: (3) Inn Elements involved: emotion, direct, simple Figure 5 Story poem modern: (7) Elements involved: adjective, direct, simple Results and Discussion The use of system and up as well as deal, bill, ship and lip in Figure 1 proves that the structure of poem is still maintained in the 20th century. .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e , .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e .postImageUrl , .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e , .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e:hover , .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e:visited , .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e:active { border:0!important; } .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e:active , .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3a62738a80a53a24ebba9b0e3ae3cd6e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Highwayman Poem Analysis EssayOne of the main elements of a poem is the rhymes always come in pair but could be in a structure of alternate lines. For example, line 1 and line 2 of Super Bass (the repetition of system and up) and the alternation of -od anodd-out in line 1 and line 3 of Lines. As for Figure 2, there are repetition of adverbs there and coordinating conjunctions so and and in lyric poems. Another noticeable element would be the pronoun her and she. In short, they are more descriptive in nature. By looking at Figure 3, we found that traditional poems used to have italics for mphasiemphasisse. For instance, Like some old miser, RustumRusts his fame, And shuns to peril it with younger men. in this sentence, we know that RustumRustproud man. The previous context (GudurzGuiders) tells us that when they are being challenged, RustumRustiding away. Hence, GudurzGuiderarning RustumRust what the others might say, that he rather keep his pride (miser: a stingy person/ reluctant to spend) by trying to avoid (shun) the danger (peril) with his troop because losing a battle means losing ones pride in the older days. Thus, we can conclude that raditirotationalis more objective due to the flowerflowerierce of words. Additionally, the poems are written through illustration approach the italics allow readers to interpret the events of the context in any way they want without knowing the importance of pride, one can also take RustumRostrumsn as being considerate and defensive as his plan to escape might save him and his teams lives. Contrary to the traditional poem, modern poem are more subjective. Meaning, it involves emotions and hence, more direct in terms of the language used. If we look loselylooselye lexis in each paragraph, there is nothing unique or interpretable about the words; they are simple and are blasted towards the readers. The emphasis on blasted is meant by the impact focus directly towards a readers emotion. This can be found in Figure 4: It was no use, Damn it, begging me for help, If I got killed that way, and he got his head knocked off while fooling with a mortar in the barracks, as well as in Figure 5: And never came home again, Never saw the razor, But they found her in the flood, and beaming with her blood; there is simply no oom tomomagine the otherwise situation like what we found in Figure 3. Story poems, regardless of type, are free from the poetic rules in line rhymes. However, they still follow the standard structure of stanza, which is in block. Moreover, each poem has their unique subjects or objects or nouns that catches the readers attention: martyr, blood, April rain, Lady Day, battalion, killed, take heed and natures first green is gold. Some subjects, though, are enhanced with adjectives to describe them, such as those found in Figure 5. This helps the present generation to nderstunderstandhole context of a poem in the fastest way possible, whilst not feeling bored or even to say, give up on poetry. Conclusion With such exploitation on poems throughout the century, many new genres came about, noticeably in the advertising genre as shown in Figure 6. As we view these poems in the contemporary period, we can see the effect of poems on the advertising industry the changed in written creativity. Following that, the poems also hit right to the point, in terms of human needs: the objects are closer than they appear and pay less and experience success. It may seem as though the poems are confusing at times, such as the disconnection of Got milk? Go get the feeling, which allows reader to interpret it freely. .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209 , .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209 .postImageUrl , .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209 , .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209:hover , .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209:visited , .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209:active { border:0!important; } .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209:active , .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209 .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4d21b8f8a546911a63bb07a9eb24d209:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: East moors by Gillian Clarke EssayOn the other hand, this type of poems does not follow coherent rules. According to Lieb (Life), Flick my Bic mBigs to start a fire because during the 1970s,sassmaBigthe famous disposable lighter with their slogan Flick my Bic, Big was well received by the society. Thus, the term Flick my Bic iBigften used to replace words like help me out, light up my cig oCGIven in sexual context, referring to the clit wclotperforming oral sex. Figure 6 Advertising poem Following that, long loss tradition of love letter writing is revived by a famous poet, Louise Bennett, shown in Figure 7. Love letter poem uses comparison or representation between human, food, or environment. These ranges of elements are usually the favourfavoritese writer. Apart from being much more flexible and not tied to grammatical rules, it is sometimes cultural based. The poet is an African, so the words used are spoken based, and seemly hard to understand at one point of a time. Words like gizadacicadan-nib and yeye! heyonAreknown to their culture, perhaps. Figure 7 Love letter poem Nevertheless, other types of poem include a certain way of starting.

Saturday, November 30, 2019

Violent Media Causes Aggression in Children

The invention of televised media and video technology came with a number of challenges, especially because modern societies rely too heavily on the media for entertainment and communication. However, one of the most debated topics in this field is the possible impact of media on children and adolescents.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Violent Media Causes Aggression in Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since 1970s, several empirical studies have suggested that exposure to violent scenes in televised media has a high likelihood of instilling aggressive behaviour in children (Paik Comstock, 2004). While a number of scholars in education and psychology have done some research to refute this claim, there is adequate evidence, from research and theory, that confirms that violent media causes aggressive behaviour in children. Using social cognitive and other learning theories, it would be clear to support the empirical studies that support the postulate that violent social media causes aggressiveness in children. Albert Bandura (1997) provides this field of study with adequate background on which one can clearly show that media violence causes aggressiveness in children. In his social learning theory, Bandura attempts to show how people learn from observations and thereafter take similar actions to those learnt from observation. Within this context, the cognitive theory of learning argues that internal mental states are an integral part of observational learning (Bandura, 1997). Thus, in social setting, people acquire new information from observing the behaviours of others. Using this theory, it is evident that children are likely to take the behaviours of other people in the society; especially they are exposed to such behaviours for a substantial time.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A dding on this, studies have shown that children are more likely to learn from observing than older people. This is true because children often learn from imitations, right from acquisition of language. It is also evident that children take the behaviours they frequently observe in their lives. In his famous Bobby doll experiment, Bandura found that children become aggressive towards an object or a person once they observe another person behaving in the same manner (Bandura, 1997). However, some opponents of this theory attempt to argue that the violence a child acquires from observation is short-term, and may not appear as the child grow up. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the frequency of exposure to a given behaviour is directly proportional to the time length of existence of a given type of behaviour in a child. In fact, violent behaviour is constant in televised media and the TV and videos are at the disposal of modern children (Hogben, 2008). Secondly, opponents tend to a rgue that within the context of social cognitive learning, three other different psychological processes normally increase the behaviour of a child. First, priming of a pre-existing aggressive script, angry emotions and aggressive cognitions contribute to social cognitive learning. They also argue that simple mimicking of aggressive script play an important role, alongside changes in emotional arousal due to stimulations by observing scenes of violence (Hurley Chatter, 2004). However, it is important to clarify here that human mind behaves as an associative body of network where themes or ideas are partially primed, activated or triggered by a stimuli that could be internal and external.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Violent Media Causes Aggression in Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Actually, aggressiveness develops this same way in children (Anderson Bushman, 2008). Exposure to media violence deve lops some similar behaviour in children once they come across stimuli that provoke a more similar situation to the televised scene. Here, children develop aggressiveness by reacting to a stimuli they same way they have been seeing characters behave on television and video. In conclusion, exposure to media violence increases the rate of violence in children, both in short term and long term. In addition, this postulate is better explained by social cognitive learning, which is one of the main processes through which human learn in childhood. References Anderson, C. A., Bushman, B. J. (2008). Media violence and societal violence Science, 2(9), 2377- 2378 Bandura, A. (1997). Social Learning Theory. New York, NY: Prentice-Hall Hogben, M. (2008). Factors moderating the effect of television aggression on viewer behavior. Communic Res, 2(5), 220- 247 Hurley, S., Chatter, N. (2004). Perspectives on Imitation: From Cognitive Neuroscience to Social Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Advertis ing Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Paik, H., Comstock, G. (2004). The effects of television violence on antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis. Communic Res 2(1), 516- 546 This essay on Violent Media Causes Aggression in Children was written and submitted by user Braxton House to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Behaviour in Groups essays

Behaviour in Groups essays The Psychological definition of a group is broken down into 7 categories: 1. Interaction a group is a collection of individuals who are interacting with one another. 2. Perception of belonging a group consists of 2 or more persons who perceive themselves to belong to a group. 3. Interdependence group members are interdependent. 4. Common goals a group is a collection of individuals who join together to achieve a goal. 5. Needs satisfaction individuals who belong to a group are trying to satisfy some need through group membership. 6. Roles and norms members of a group structure their interactions by means of roles and norms. Roles consist of sets of obligations and expectations. Norms imply established ways of behaving that is, uniformity among people in the ways they behave. 7. Influence a group is a collection of individuals who influence each other. The study of individuals in groups and group behaviour has been a core of social psychology since its inception in the early 1900s. One of the first "experiments" in social psychology was by Triplett in 1898, considering the effects of the presence of others on performance. The authors examine this phenomenon as well as group communication, task performance in groups such as problem-solving and decision-making, and leadership characteristics and styles. The definition of group that is used in most research is "people who are interdependent and have potential for mutual interaction, influencing one another in some way". Groups are defined by four specific dimensions: size, goals, duration and scope of activities performed. While groups can be a function of a wide range of these factors, experimental groups that are analysed in laboratory settings are usually small, short-lived and narrow in focus, limiting the generalizability of such findings. Groups in real-world settings must be analysed as w...

Friday, November 22, 2019

California Architecture for the Casual Traveler

California Architecture for the Casual Traveler California and the long Pacific coast of the Western United States is a territory of changing landscapes and wild diversity- in both lifestyles and architectural styles. California is a land of fire and rain and of tsunamis and drought.  Although from north to south its climate changes dramatically, California has a constant element that affects all building codes- the San Andreas Fault. In the links and resources on this page, you will find simple adobe homes of early Spanish colonists, glitzy homes of Hollywood movie stars, groundbreaking modernist architecture, playful amusement park buildings, wacky googie structures, historic bridges and stadia, and many other interesting and unusual building types. Visiting the San Francisco Area Marin County Civic Center by Frank Lloyd WrightSan Francisco Museum of Modern Art by Mario BottaUnited States Federal Building by Thom MayneCalifornia Academy of Sciences by Renzo PianoThe Golden Gate Bridge Along the Coast of California Historic Monterey Houses in MontereyBixby Bridge in Big SurSea Ranch Chapel in Gualala, by James HubbellHearst Castle in San Simeon, designed by Julia MorganHigh Style Spanish Revival Architecture in Santa Barbara Visiting the Los Angeles Area Los Angeles is an architectural kaleidoscope. As you explore the warm, southern California city, youll find odd contrasts. No matter. The sun of Southern California has attracted odd bedfellows, both in the movie industry and architectural practices. Here is just a taste of LA architecture: Disney Concert Hall by Frank GehryEmerson College Los Angeles by Thom MayneBinoculars Building in Venice by Frank GehryDiamond Ranch High School in Pomona by Thom MayneLA Museum of Contemporary Art by Arata IsozakiCase Study House #8  by Charles and Ray EamesThe Getty Center by Richard MeierEnnis Brown House by Frank Lloyd WrightHollyhock House by Frank Lloyd WrightThe Schindler Chace House by Rudolf SchindlerGeorge D. Sturges House by Frank Lloyd WrightTheme Building at LAXCentral Public Library by Bertram Grosvenor GoodhueCaltrans District 7 Headquarters by Thom Mayne Visiting the Palm Springs Area Within two hours of Hollywood, Palm Springs became the famous getaway for the movie elite. Frank Sinatra, Bob Hope, and other movie stars built homes here in the 1940s and 1950s, the height of Mid-Century Modernism. Richard Neutra, Albert Frey, and others invented what became known as Desert Modernism. Midcentury Modern Architecture in Palm SpringsAlexander Homes: Houses by the Alexander Construction CompanyThe Elvis Honeymoon HideawayThe Annenberg Residence, Sunnylands by A. Quincy Jones in Rancho Mirage Visiting the San Diego Area Balboa Park, site of the influential Panama-California Exposition of 1915.  San Diego architect Irving Gill carried out the Mission Revival and Pueblo styles decided on by the organizers, but it was New Yorker Bertram G. Goodhue who gave the buildings the Spanish Baroque detailing known as Churrigueresque.  Exposition buildings such as Casa de Balboa and Casa del Prado ignited a Spanish Renaissance throughout the American Southwest. Well-Known Sports Venues in California Rose Bowl Stadium in PasadenaLevis Stadium in Santa ClaraLos Angeles Memorial Coliseum Architects of California Many of todays larger architectural firms have multiple offices, which often include California. For example, Richard Meier Partners Architects LLP has an office in Los Angeles. The following list of architects, however, are often associated with beginning their careers in California. They made their mark and settled in California. Julia MorganPaul WilliamsRichard NeutraDonald WexlerFrank GehryCharles and Ray EamesRudolph SchindlerWallace NeffA. Quincy JonesThom MayneBernard MaybeckIrving GillCharles and Henry GreeneCraig EllwoodJoseph Esherick Learn More with these Books Wallace Neff, Architect of Californias Golden Age by Alson Clark, 2000Toward a Simpler Way of Life: The Arts and Crafts Architects of California by Robert Winter, University of California Press, 1997Irving J. Gill: Architect, 1870 - 1936 by Marvin Rand, 2006Five California Architects by Esther McCoy and Randell Makinson, 1975On the Edge of the World: Four Architects in San Francisco at the Turn of the Century by Richard Longstreth, University of California Press, 1998California Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright by David Gebhard, 1997California Modern: The Architecture of Craig Ellwood by Neil Jackson, Princeton Architectural Press, 2002Spanish Colonial Style: Santa Barbara and the Architecture of James Osborne Craig and Mary McLaughlin Craig by Pamela Skewes-Cox and Robert Sweeney, 2015

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Explain the different paths to God found in Bonaventures The Souls (or Research Paper

Explain the different paths to God found in Bonaventures The Souls (or Minds) Journey to God - Research Paper Example Especially the preface of The Journey of the Mind into God describes the vision of Seraph very constantly and convincingly. In this work has also explains different paths to God and teach people that they could become close to the God by carrying out their life journeys in specific directions and paths (Quinn, p186). Saint Bonaventura explains in his work Mind’s journey to the God that finding out God is very simple as well as very complicated for the people because God is present around the people but they could reach him only if they will adopt the right paths. He believes that one can easily find God by seeking him in different objects of the world because he is everywhere and it depends upon the sincerity and dedication of the seeker that he become able to find out God or not. Bonaventura believes that God is part of his own creations that why he is present in the tree standing silently as well as on the path where the people use to walk every day. Since human beings are also the creation of God so he is also present inside us and the internal truth of the personalities reveal the existence of God inside the people (Gendreau, p104). The first chapter of Mind’s journey to the God explains the stages through which the people can find their ways up to God. Bonaventura teaches that when a person is blessed by God he has been provided with the divine assistance and the path towards God becomes clear and easy for him. This happens to the people that are true by heart and possess no wrong intentions for God and his creations (Emery, p218). Without the assistance of God it is not possible for anyone to find God or seek the ways towards him. When a person is true and clean by his heart God makes him complete and shower him with all his blessings and miracles. This is possible only when someone is pure not only physically but his heart is also pure and clean and he truly wants to reach God and wants to follow the path sincerely that could take him

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Decision Making in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Decision Making in Practice - Essay Example Overview Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) This refers to the excision of the uterus and cervix. This procedure is indicated in a variety of conditions including ovarian cancer, cervical dysplasia, pelvic relaxation, uterine prolapse, endometriosis and uterine fibroids (leiomyomas). About 10% of TAH is done for cancer, but the remaining 90% is performed due to non emergency and non cancerous reasons. This procedure may also be performed in when a patient continually experiences unusual pelvic pain. TAH ensures that a woman is not able to bear children again. The procedure is of advantage as it allows a total examination of the abdomen and pelvis, hence, it allows for the investigation of cancer and other unclear growths. Statistics reveal that approximately 300 women out of 100,000 women in the US undergo TAH. Even in non emergency and non cancerous conditions, TAH poses remarkable challenges for omen and health care practitioners (Anspach 2009, p65). During TAH, the uterus and cerv ix are detached from the fallopian tubes, upper vagina, ovaries, and the adjoining connective tissue and blood vessels. As a result of this, complications arising from the procedure are likely to be marked. The procedure, lasting about 2 hours, is normally performed in general anesthesia so that the patient does not wake up during the procedure. In order to minimize infections, vaginal cleansing is done and antibiotics are administered to the patient before the procedure is done. A urinary catheter is first passed through the patient’s urethra so that the bladder is emptied. This urinary catheter will remain in the patient throughout the procedure and some time after the procedure. Vertical and/or horizontal incisions are then made on the abdomen so that the uterus is exposed (Mehta 2008, p56). Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy (BSO) This refers to the surgical excision of both sets fallopian tubes and ovaries. It is commonly done with TAH and is referred to as TAH/BSO which is done in about one third of all hysterectomies. BSO is done to treat gynecological cancers and infections. It is also indicated in cases of ectopic pregnancies that occur in the fallopian tube. Just like in TAH, general anesthesia is given to the patient before the start of the procedure, before an incision is made to remove the organs (Ricks 2008, p78). Management of the patient BAH/BSO is a surgical procedure, hence, it has a lot of complications ranging from surgical site infections, extreme pain and bleeding. All these, if not controlled, will are fatal. After the surgery, the patient stayed in the recovery room for some hours. The patient was then monitored to check whether there were any signs of pain. The patient had some pain, hence, we administered some analgesics and we also administered broad spectrum antibiotics to the patient so that infections would be prevented. Since the procedure requires close monitoring and management, the patient was required to stay in the hospi tal for about 4 to 5 days. There was also par vaginal bleeding, which we controlled and managed through the use of sanitary towels. Since it is normal for a patient who has undergone the procedure to have bloody vaginal discharge, we provided a lot of sanitary pads to the patient for purposes of controlling the excessive bleeding (Berek 2008, p87). Catheter Care The catheter was placed to the

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Foreign pronunciation Essay Example for Free

Foreign pronunciation Essay In his book Foreign Accent: The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Second Language Phonology, Roy C. writes that first language transfer is very influential and one of the most important components at the beginning stages of foreign language acquisition. (p. 31) At this point the scientist implies learning phonology, which usually takes place at the beginning of the course of a foreign language study. Another researcher, Trubetzkoy, stresses that the perception of the foreign language is filtered through the sieve of a learner’s mother tongue. (From Roy 2001, p. 31) In phonology this filter resultes in producing an accent, which drew the pronunciation of the foreign language near the pronunciation of the mother tongue. The examples can be found in adopting English pronunciation all around the world: â€Å"a French accent may be recognizable from word final stress patterns and uvular /R/; a German accent by the lack of /w/—/v/ distinctions; a Spanish accent by the rhythmic characteristics and lack of vowel reduction; an American accent by the /r/ and marked vowel reduction; and a Japanese accent by the lack of r/—/1/ distinctions. † (From Roy 2001, p. 31) According to Weinreich (1953), there are different types of negative transfer in phonology. The researcher Weinreich proposes to differentiate the following seven types: Sound Substitution. It occurs when a learner uses the nearest equivalent of his/her mother tongue to pronounce a sound of the foreign language. For instance, English sounds /? ? / are usually mispronounced by foreign learners. Spanish learners substitute them with dental /? ?/, French pronounce /s z/ instead of them; Hindi speakers use their retroflex /? ?/ (although Hindi also has similar sounds / ? ?/). Phonological Processes. This concerns all allophones and allophonic processes. For example, German learners of English have a tendency to devoice the final voiced consonants: ha|t| instead of ha|d|, |bik| instead of |big|. English speakers, in their turn, are more likely to use a velarized or dark [l] for final clear [l] in French or Spanish words: eel [il] instead of. il [il] â€Å"he†, 1 [el] instead of el [el] â€Å"he†. Underdifferentiation. It takes place, when a learner misses some differentiations in foreign sounds due to the fact that his/her native language does not have these differentiations. For instance, English has /i/ and /? /, but French learners usually use one /i/ for both; English /? / and /? / can be pronounced as one /? / by a Portuguese speaker. Over-differentiation. This process is opposite to what under-differentiation is. In the case of over-differentiation the native language of a learner contains differentiations, which do not exist in the foreign language. Though, as Weinreich points out, over-differentiation does not lead to some gross phonetic mistakes, â€Å"it results in a different mental representation. † (From Roy 2001, p. 32) To illustrate over-differentiation, Roy C. brings the following examples: â€Å"English /d/ and /? / are separate phonemes whereas in Spanish they are allophones (/d/ [? ] after vowels). An English speaker thinks of the [d] in dia â€Å"day† as a different sound from the [? ] in nada â€Å"nothing, † whereas the Spanish speaker thinks of them as one sound, because they are allophones of the same phoneme. † (From Roy 2001, p. 32) Reinterpretation of Distinctions. It is related with the theory, which divides features into primary and secondary, or distinctive and redundant. For example, in American variant of English the qualitative tense/lax distinction is primary and the quantative is secondary. Native English speaker does not even hear the length of sounds, but the sound |i| in beet and bit will never be confused. In contrast, length in German words is primary and their quality is secondary, as it is seen in bieten [bi:t? n] â€Å"to offer, and † bitten [bit? n] â€Å"to ask†. Consequently, a German learner will think that in English words beet and bit the length is more important that the quality of the vowel. Phonotactic Interference. This process takes place when a learner modifies syllable and word structures in the foreign language in order to fit the patterns in his/her native tongue. For example, Brazilian Portuguese very often pronounce the words ping pong and picnic like pin[gi] pon[gi] and pic[i] nic[i] because the syllables |in| can not be placed at the end of Brazilian words. Prosodic Interference. It takes place, when a learner substitutes prosodic patterns in the foreign language with those of his/her mother tongue, in spite of the fact that the prosodic patterns of the both languages are completely different. Thus, a French student would incorrectly stress the last syllables in English words because in his/her native language all the words have the last syllables stressed. An English student can pronounce Chinese sentences using English intonation patterns. As the book Foreign Accent: The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Second Language Phonology states, the finding of Weinreich, and all the similar ones, help to predict the areas which will cause difficulty in learning a foreign language. Weinreich’s differentiation of negative transfer types prompted other researches on the same topic. Thus, Moulton (1962) presents error types (from Roy 2001, p. 33), based on the linguistic and socio-linguistic contrasts between English and German. According to Moulton, while learning a foreign pronunciation, students make the following types of errors: phonemic errors phonetic errors allophonic errors distributional errors

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Sports Information :: essays research papers

The Minnesota Vikings opened their developmental camp for veterans on Monday morning at Winter Park. The Vikings had a very high player turnout for their first session on Monday, including free agent signees Kenny Mixon, Lorenzo Bromell, Corey Chavous, and Henri Crockett. The developmental camp will run Monday-Wednesday and the Vikings will have workouts, classroom work, and weightlifting. â€Å"I thought the work was good,† Mike Tice said. â€Å"I thought the tempo was good today. I had to pull them back a little bit because I was worried about somebody getting hurt. But I thought the tempo was excellent and the guys understand that they have to be in good shape in order to keep up.† The only veterans not at Monday’s workout were defensive tackle Darius Holland and newly signed tight end Hunter Goodwin and punter Kyle Richardson. Tice said Holland had a death in the family and that Goodwin would likely be on the field tomorrow and Richardson on Wednesday. The Vikings will have their first mini-camp this weekend, when the team’s draft picks and rookie free agents will join the veterans for practices. â€Å"There is definitely a sense of excitement on both sides of the ball,† Byron Chamberlain said. â€Å"I think guys were eager to get out here after what seemed like a long offseason. Any time you win five games and lose 11, it tends to be a pretty long offseason. There is a sense of excitement with the moves we made in the draft and free agency and just seeing guys out here for the first time.† Notes The Vikings signed rookie free agent wide receiver Kelly Campbell on Monday. Campbell played for Vikings’ defensive line coach George O’Leary at Georgia Tech, where he had 56 catches for 708 yards and three touchdowns in 2001. He is Georgia Tech’s all-time leader in career catches (198), receiving yards (2,907) and touchdowns (24). Comments from Monday Daunte Culpepper On his knee I’m fine. I’ve just rehabbed it real good this offseason. I’m feeling real good. I’m over 90 percent and I’m ready to go. (It just) needs a little more strengthening, that’s all. I can run. I would like to strengthen it a little bit more so it’s equal to my right, or even stronger. On Bryant McKinnie He definitely is a blessing to us and definitely to myself. I’m glad that we got him. I was hoping and praying that we would, and I couldn’t believe that he dropped to number seven.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Deception Point Page 71

Despite the late hour, Gabrielle was not at all surprised to see the building's foyer filling with people, an apparent convergence of excited media crews and even more excited NASA personnel. Gabrielle hurried inside. The entryway resembled a museum, dominated dramatically by full-size replicas of famous mission capsules and satellites suspended overhead. Television crews were staking claims on the expansive marble floor, seizing wide-eyed NASA employees who came through the door. Gabrielle scanned the crowd, but did not see anyone who looked like PODS mission director Chris Harper. Half the people in the lobby had press passes and half had NASA photo IDs around their necks. Gabrielle had neither. She spotted a young woman with a NASA ID and hurried over to her. â€Å"Hi. I'm looking for Chris Harper?† The woman eyed Gabrielle strangely, as if she recognized her from somewhere and couldn't quite place it. â€Å"I saw Dr. Harper go through a while ago. I think he headed upstairs. Do I know you?† â€Å"I don't think so,† Gabrielle said, turning away. â€Å"How do I get upstairs?† â€Å"Do you work for NASA?† â€Å"No, I don't.† â€Å"Then you can't get upstairs.† â€Å"Oh. Is there a phone I might use to-â€Å" â€Å"Hey,† the woman said, looking suddenly angry. â€Å"I know who you are. I've seen you on television with Senator Sexton. I can't believe you would have the nerve-â€Å" Gabrielle was already gone, disappearing into the crowd. Behind her, she could hear the woman angrily telling others Gabrielle was here. Terrific. Two seconds through the door, and I'm already on the Most Wanted List. Gabrielle kept her head down as she hurried to the far side of the lobby. A building directory was mounted on the wall. She scanned the listings, looking for Chris Harper. Nothing. The directory showed no names at all. It was arranged by department. PODS? she wondered, scanning the list for anything that had to do with the Polar Orbiting Density Scanner. She saw nothing. She was afraid to glance over her shoulder, half expecting to see a crew of angry NASA employees coming to stone her. All she saw on the list that looked even remotely promising was on the fourth floor: EARTH SCIENCE ENTERPRISE, PHASE II Earth Observing System (EOS) Keeping her head turned away from the crowd, Gabrielle made her way toward an alcove that housed a bank of elevators and a water fountain. She searched for the elevator call buttons, but saw only slits. Damn. The elevators were security controlled-key card ID access for employees only. A group of young men came hurrying toward the elevators, talking exuberantly. They wore NASA photo IDs around their necks. Gabrielle quickly bent over the fountain, watching behind her. A pimple-faced man inserted his ID into the slot and opened the elevator. He was laughing, shaking his head in amazement. â€Å"The guys in SETI must be going nuts!† he said as everyone boarded the elevator. â€Å"Their horn carts traced drift fields under two hundred milliJanskys for twenty years, and the physical proof was buried in the ice here on earth the whole time!† The elevator doors closed, and the men disappeared. Gabrielle stood up, wiping her mouth, wondering what to do. She looked around for an interoffice phone. Nothing. She wondered if she could somehow steal a key card, but something told her that was probably unwise. Whatever she did, she knew she had to do it fast. She could now see the woman she'd first spoken to out in the lobby, moving through the crowd with a NASA security officer. A trim, bald man came around the corner, hustling toward the elevators. Gabrielle again bent over the fountain. The man did not seem to notice her. Gabrielle watched in silence as the man leaned forward and inserted his ID card into the slit. Another set of elevator doors slid open, and the man stepped on. Screw it, Gabrielle thought, making up her mind. Now or never. As the elevator slid closed, Gabrielle spun from the fountain and ran over, sticking her hand out and catching the door. The doors bounced back open, and she stepped in, her face bright with excitement. â€Å"You ever seen it like this?† she gushed to the startled bald man. â€Å"My God. It's crazy!† The man gave her an odd look. â€Å"The guys at SETI must be going nuts!† Gabrielle said. â€Å"Their horn carts traced drift fields under two hundred milliJanskys for twenty years, and the physical proof was buried in the ice here on earth the whole time!† The man looked surprised. â€Å"Well†¦ yes, it's quite†¦ † He glanced at her neck, apparently troubled not to see an ID. â€Å"I'm sorry, do you-â€Å" â€Å"Fourth floor please. Came in such a hurry I barely remembered to put on my underwear!† She laughed, stealing a quick look at the guy's ID: JAMES THEISEN, Finance Administration. â€Å"Do you work here?† The man looked uncomfortable. â€Å"Miss†¦?† Gabrielle let her mouth fall slack. â€Å"Jim! I'm hurt! Nothing like making a woman feel unmemorable!† The man went pale for a moment, looking uneasy, and running an embarrassed hand across his head. â€Å"I'm sorry. All this excitement, you know. I admit, you do look very familiar. What program are you working on?† Shit. Gabrielle flashed a confident smile. â€Å"EOS.† The man pointed to the illuminated fourth floor button. â€Å"Obviously. I mean specifically, which project?† Gabrielle felt her pulse quicken. She could only think of one. â€Å"PODS.† The man looked surprised. â€Å"Really? I thought I'd met everyone on Dr. Harper's team.† She gave an embarrassed nod. â€Å"Chris keeps me hidden away. I'm the idiot programmer who screwed up voxel index on the anomaly software.† Now it was the bald man whose jaw dropped. â€Å"That was you?† Gabrielle frowned. â€Å"I haven't slept in weeks.† â€Å"But Dr. Harper took all the heat for that!† â€Å"I know. Chris is that kind of guy. At least he got it straightened out. What an announcement tonight, though, isn't it? This meteorite. I'm just in shock!† The elevator stopped on the fourth floor. Gabrielle jumped out. â€Å"Great seeing you, Jim. Give my best to the boys in budgeting!† â€Å"Sure,† the man stammered as the doors slid shut. â€Å"Nice seeing you again.† 84 Zach Herney, like most presidents before him, survived on four or five hours of sleep a night. Over the last few weeks, however, he had survived on far less. As the excitement of the evening's events slowly began to ebb, Herney felt the late hour settling in his limbs. He and some of his upper level staff were in the Roosevelt Room enjoying celebratory champagne and watching the endless loop of press conference replays, Tolland documentary excerpts, and pundit recaps on network television. On-screen at the moment, an exuberant network correspondent stood in front of the White House gripping her microphone. â€Å"Beyond the mind-numbing repercussions for mankind as a species,† she announced, â€Å"this NASA discovery has some harsh political repercussions here in Washington. The unearthing of these meteoric fossils could not have come at a better time for the embattled President.† Her voice grew somber. â€Å"Nor at a worse time for Senator Sexton.† The broadcast cut to a replay of the now infamous CNN debate from earlier in the day. â€Å"After thirty-five years,† Sexton declared, â€Å"I think it's pretty obvious we're not going to find extraterrestrial life!† â€Å"And if you're wrong?† Marjorie Tench replied. Sexton rolled his eyes. â€Å"Oh, for heavens sake, Ms. Tench, if I'm wrong I'll eat my hat.† Everyone in the Roosevelt Room laughed. Tench's cornering of the senator could have played as cruel and heavy-handed in retrospect, and yet viewers didn't seem to notice; the haughty tone of the senator's response was so smug that Sexton appeared to be getting exactly what he deserved.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Eighteenth Century Literature Essay

At the start of the Eighteenth Century Literature the literary pieces focus on rational and scientific views on all aspects of life be it economic, social, political and religious. The period heralded the Age of Enlightenment which was the thought much prevalent of the day. The writers sought to determine universal principles on humanity, nature, and society. The eighteenth-century literate reflected this quest. Written pieces around this time attacked various spiritual and scientific authority, dogmatism, intolerance, censorship, and economic and social restraints. Thus we can see in Thomas Gray’s â€Å"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard† expressedly deals with the social issues prevalent during their time particularly the wide gap between social class and the opportunity to attain greatness. These lines in the poem captured these views: â€Å"Let not Ambition mock their useful toil, Their homely joys, and destiny obscure; Nor Grandeur hear with a disdainful smile The short and simple annals of the Poor. † Look more:  the importance of being earnest satire Gray’s tone throughout the poem is filled with regret. One can sense that something important is lost. This emotional tone captures the injustices that exist in the society due to wealth. He was actually voicing his opinions clearly against social class prejudices that was apparent during that period. In Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal also tackled the social ills during his time. This satirical essay used allusions to English oppressive attitudes toward the Irish. This is apparent in these lines â€Å"I grant this food may be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for Landlords, who as they have already devoured most of the Parents, seem to have the best Title to the Children. † He also pointed out criticisms on England on the way it mistreated Ireland: â€Å"For this kind of commodity will not bear exportation, and flesh being of too tender a consistence, to admit a long continuance in salt, although perhaps I could name a country, which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it. â€Å" At first glance, the poem appeared to be criticisms heaped on England. But upon closer inspection one can also sense that Swift was expressing his sentiments on the conditions in Ireland, more specifically the can-do spirit of the times that pervaded the community which misled people into thinking that they can cure all social and economic ills specifically fix population and labor issues. Swift’s Modest Proposal talked about â€Å"a burlesque of projects concerning the poor†, that were considered fashionable in the early 18th century. Eighteenth Century Literature is characterized by extreme rationalism and skepticism which gave rise to deism or the belief in the existence of God which became the main theme in the succeeding era of Romanticism. This era is considered as the Age of Sensibility which of course clased with the ideals of the Middle Ages. Towards the end of the period, an intensifying focus on instinct and feeling instead of judgment and restraint was noted paving the way for the Romantic Literature. Romantic Literature During the period of Romanticism, industrialization was introduced. Steam engine was developed and this caused expansion of cities and a number of migrants leaving the countryside. Poor people flocked to the city. Issues such as class-conflicts and concerns on environmental pollution were prevalent. This developments in the era prompted the poets and the writers to seek solace in the beauty of nature. Thus, in most of their literary works we can see the universal theme of Mother Nature being the true cause of wisdome and the antidote to industrialization. Philosophers particularly Jean Jacques Rousseau tackled pertinent issues such as the supremacy or dominance of nature over civilization. A group of poets called Lake Poets from England espoused this philosophical view. Lake Poets comprised of a group of friends such as William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The work of these two poets reflect their sentiments perfectly. These Romantic Poets utilized emotions and reflections in their poets to get their message across. Wordsworth’s `I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud`and Coleridge’s `The Eolian Harp` reflected their thoughts about nature and how much they value it. â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud† by Wordsworth is about the beauty of nature and the need for introspection. This is best captured in the last lines of the poem: â€Å"For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils. † Nature after all is best understood and appreciated in solitude. Solitude here however does not mean loneliness but inner peace or tranquility which is the by-product of being in commune with the natural order. Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s `The Eolian Harp` also tackles the beauty that nature brings. The Eolian Harp is a stringed instrument which produces music when placed in an open window allowing breeze to pass over it. The eolian harp was often used by poets in the Romantic period to represent creativity. Just like Wordsworth’s poem, it sought to cope with pensiveness and nature as the solution or cure for this pensiveness as apparent in the first lines of the poem: â€Å"My pensive SARA ! thy soft cheek reclined Thus on mine arm, most soothing sweet it is To sit beside our Cot, our Cot o’ergrown With white-flower’d Jasmin, and the broad-leav’d Myrtle† Coleridge and Wordsworth, however, have different versions of romanticism. Coleridge wanted to make the paranormal â€Å"real† or believable. Wordsworth’s idea of romanticism is to stir the imagination of readers using real characters. Victorian Literature During the Victorian Era (1837 – 1901), novels and poems were no longer written mainly to please the aristocratic few but to make an impression and cater to the tastes of the much larger middle class. The novels were also getting wider acceptance around this time. In this era, romantic images of the past were extolled. The writers use everyday language and combine it with classical and traditional language to symbolize the ushering of modernity in the Victorian period. At that period, the economy was developing, the nobility was gaining less prominence, and the class structures were vanishing. There is a expressed need for Victorian poets to find a voice that would capture the essence of their time and place. Rudyyard, Kipling ` Danny Deever` attempts to portray the inner turmoils of a man about to be executed. The poem is about military execution parade with Danny Deever. â€Å"What makes you look so white, so white? † said Files-on-Parade. â€Å"I’m dreadin’ what I’ve got to watch†, the Colour-Sergeant said. For they’re hangin’ Danny Deever, you can hear the Dead March play, The regiment’s in ‘ollow square — they’re hangin’ him to-day; Danny is to be executed by hanging because he killed a fellow soldier while he was asleep. One can sense the concerns of the soldier. Another important poet in the Victorian Era is William Ernest Henley who wrote â€Å"Invictus. † His poems were largely based on his personal reflections of his life and his situation being an amputee who suffered tuberculosis of the bone. â€Å"In the fell clutch of circumstance I have not winced nor cried aloud. Under the bludgeonings of chance My head is bloody, but unbow’d. † The common theme that ran through the poems is about struggles in life. Danny Deever struggled with his work as a soldier and in Invictus, struggles against disease was obvious. Literature in Victorian era is largely characterized as certain, conservative and objective. Writers in this area had learned to live with realities plaguing them be it social, economic and religious. Certainty in both poems come in the form of death and struggles. The views during this literary period were predominantly conservative especially when it came to social perspectives. The upheavals the people experienced during the romantic era had died down in the Victorian era. Much of the poets’ works around this time served to link and prepared writers as they paved way for the modern era. The literary pieces around this time also tended to reminiscing the past particularly the stories in the classical literature and the medieval literature of England. The Victorians cherised the the heroism, chivalry and nobility of the knights in the past and hoped to recapture that behavior in their period.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

How Well Does Parliament Perform Its Various Functions Essay Example

How Well Does Parliament Perform Its Various Functions Essay Example How Well Does Parliament Perform Its Various Functions Essay How Well Does Parliament Perform Its Various Functions Essay Parliament is designed to keep the executive accountable ; therefore it goes about this by assorted agencies of authorities examination. such as Prime Minister’s Question Time. In add-on. Parliament is expected to execute a legislative map. making the procedure of a measure going a jurisprudence after undergoing many phases between the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Finally. Parliament is besides required to be representative of the state. with constituencies making a strong local nexus between the electorate and their MP. As Parliament is required to size up the executive. each hebdomad there is Prime Minister’s Questions giving backbench MPs the opportunity to set the Prime Minister under force per unit area and inquire him/her difficult inquiries. Often this hebdomadal meeting is a conflict between the party in authorities and the resistance for illustration on 29th February 2012. Ed Miliband criticised the alliance authorities on the topic of the NHS reforms when he reported that Nick Clegg’s support of the reform varied depending on the day of the week as the Liberal Democrats had allegedly sent out different messages about the Health and Social Care Bill for England. However MPs of the authorities have been known to size up their ain party leader. particularly if they are non content with the work in their constituency. Although. since Tony Blair reduced Prime Minister’s Question clip to merely one time a hebdomad. the inquiries posed are non answered exhaustively as there is non much clip. this besides allows for fewer inquiries to be asked. Furthermore. many Prime Minister’s have been able to ease through Prime Minister’s Questions as they had a big bulk like Tony Blair. This meant that there were non adequate size uping MPs on the resistance ; therefore the function of examination was non carried out so far. However. Prime Minister’s Question clip is non the lone beginning of Parliamentary examination as since 1979. each governmental section has had a choice commission who can name for persons. documents and records . ensuing is more unfastened authorities. which in bend reduced the power of the executive. Choice commissions are based in Portcullis House are made up of backbench MPs. of different parties therefore they are non party specific. Furthermore. the Liaison Committee besides now calls the Prime Minister to reply inquiries twice a twelvemonth. It has been said that select commissions have been a major factor in opening up the authorities over the past 20 old ages. for illustration in July 2007. the constitutional personal businesss commission decided that following a series of contentions. the function of the Attorney General in the ground forces was not sustainable’ and should be reformed. Nevertheless. the choice commissions consist of backbench MPs ; therefore they frequently reflect the workings of the authorities. Additionally. as the members of choice commissions are non experts in different Fieldss of cognition. they lack the expertness and power to significantly damage or question the authorities. The House of Lords besides play a cardinal function in examination as it has one power that the House of Commons does non: the upper chamber holds the power to protract the life of parliament beyond the normal five twelvemonth maximal term. for illustration the life of the Conservative authorities elected in 1935 was prolonged several times before stoping in 1945. Furthermore. the House of Lords’ cardinal function is to reexamine and amend the statute law passed from the House of Commons. As the House of Lords is more independent than the House of Commons. with a broad scope of cognition from many different Fieldss. the upper chamber is willing to stand up to the House of Commons. therefore get the better ofing the authorities ; Blair was defeated over three hundred times since his landslide triumph in 1997. This besides allows the upper chamber to detain measures for up to a twelvemonth to let for clip for amendment. for illustration in 2004. the Fox Hunting measure was delayed. But on the other manus. the Lords are merely able to detain a measure for one twelvemonth ; therefore they have no power to halt a measure wholly. particularly if there is a bulk in the House of Commons. In add-on. authorities can merely overrule the House of Lords. as on the 3rd juncture that a measure is rejected by the Lords. the elective Parks can coerce it onto the legislative act books against the Lords’ will. therefore by making a Parliament Act. However. examination is non the lone function of Parliament. as most people recognise it for its legislative map. to do statute law legitimate as the primary jurisprudence doing organic structure. As Parliament is moving on behalf of the electorate. the House of Commons has become the more dominant chamber in Parliament. Although measures can get down in either chamber. the Commons is where the bulk of statute law is introduced. and it passes over 100 measures each twelvemonth. However. the measures do non merely travel through to the Royal Ascent easy. the House of Lords bases in topographic point to reexamine and amend the white documents sent through from the House of Commons. for illustration the amendment of the Terror measure in 2005. Furthermore. the Lords are besides able to reject measures that it redeems unsuitable for illustration the old Labour government’s proposal of national ID cards. The input from the House of Lords into the jurisprudence devising procedure is highly valuable as it consists of experts in many different Fieldss including medical specialty ( Lord Winston ) and concern ( Lord Sugar ) . On the other manus. there are many defects to Parliament’s legislative map. Although the Salisbury Convention prevents the Godheads from barricading every piece of statute law that the Commons effort to base on balls. it basically means that if the party in power proposed a piece of statute law in their pronunciamento. they will acquire the measure through comparatively unopposed. While this seems harmless. it reflects that fact that if a authorities has a big bulk. the bulk of its proposals will be passed. taking to elected absolutism. Besides. every bit far as the Godheads can detain and reject measures from the House of Commons. they can be overruled by the usage of the Parliament Act. they are besides limited by the fact that they can merely detain statute law for up to a twelvemonth. Finally. as a representative democracy. is it necessary that Parliament is representative. therefore in the House of Commons. 650 MPs are elected to stand for single constituencies. making a strong nexus between the electorate and the administration of the state. besides established by MPs’ surgeries every Friday in their local constituency. This ensures that everybody is represented. In recent old ages. a larger attempt has been made to vouch that the House of Commons reflects a just word picture of our society. hence presently 22 % of MPs are adult females and 27 are cultural minorities. including a choice of female cultural minorities. for illustration Diane Abbott ( Labour ) . the first black female MP. This has lead to David Cameron’s A List of preferable campaigners. as he attempts to pull an ncreasing figure of female campaigners who are besides cultural minorities. Not merely does the lower chamber carry out a representative map. but besides the Godheads are known for stand foring the national involvement. As they are non elected. the Lords are less portion political than the Commons as 186 Godheads do non place themselves with a party. so sit on the crossbenches. Additionally. the Lords are appointed for their expertness in many different Fieldss. therefore they derive from many different walks of life. However. although Parliament efforts to be progressively representative. the First Past the Post electoral system produces a really unrepresentative House of Commons. as the figure of seats does non straight correlate to the figure of ballots ; this is clear as in 2005. Labor gained 35 % of the ballot yet managed to accomplish 55 % of the seats. In the 2010 election. the Broad Democrats had 23 % of the ballot. but merely gained 8. % of the seats in the House of Commons. this is besides true for UKIP. as they achieved over 1 million ballots. but they did non acquire a plurality in a individual constituency. doing failure to win a place in the House of Commons. In add-on. besides the figure of adult females in the House of Commons is increasing. it still merely stands at 22 % . which is non proportionate of the electorate. the deficiency of proportionality is besides true when it comes to the mean age of MPs. as it presently stands at 50. Finally. although the MPs are all elected. powe r still lies in the custodies of unelected people – the Lords. The Lords are. on norm. a batch older than the MPs. increasing the unrepresentative characteristic. but there are still 92 familial Godheads who are non even appointed for their great cognition and expertness. taking to the inquiry of pointless power. All things considered. Parliament holds a great trade of duty. nevertheless there are many restraints on the sum of power Parliament can keep. therefore it is unable to transport out all of its maps to full grade. For illustration. although the House of Commons deficiencies representation. it is more likely that MPs will be older as they have more political experience and therefore are respected more.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Analyse the Causes and Consequences of the Arab-Israeli war of 1967

Foreword Throughout history, the result of the regional / world war, at least politically, changed the way of the nation. War is not usually done without reasons and reasons; for reasons or for other reasons. Sometimes they struggle to expand territory, economic problems or even the existence of the country. The end result of any war will affect the country concerned, its population and the area where it occurs. This also applies to the 1967 Arab - Israel war. This document as a whole analyzes Zionism as the three main causes of the 1948 Arab - Israel War, Arab Nationalism, British foreign policy, and the conclusion of the 1948 Arab - Israel war. It is a very complex conflict with its origins dating back to the Bible era. The influence of World War I and World War II led to the British foreign policy of delivering the Palestinian Council to the United Nations. And it led to Israel's declaration of independence. This declaration caused confusion between Jews and Arabs and caused war. The outcome of this war was disastrous in shaping Middle Eastern politics to this day. Hinchcliffe pointed out that since 1982, there has been no massive military confrontation between Israel and its alabas and lack of meaningful peace continued until the end of the century ( Hinchcliffe 2001, p. 9). The 6-day war was also known as the June War or the Third Arab-Israel War, but from June 5 to 10, 1967 and the third short war in the Arab-Israel war . Israel's decisive victory included occupation of the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank district, Old Town of Jerusalem, the Golan Heights, but the status of these territories subsequently became a major problem of the Arab-Israel conflict . Before the war started, Israel's retaliation costed a great deal, as Palestinian guerrilla groups led by Syria, Lebanon and Jordan increased attacks on Israel. In November 1966 Israel attacked Alsam village on the western coast of Jordan, Israel Air Force shot down six Syrian MiG fighter plane in the air battle with Syria in April 1967 when 18 people were killed and 54 people were injured did.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Use of Experts in Scholarly Research Dissertation

Use of Experts in Scholarly Research - Dissertation Example There is a need to integrate the two models to incorporate the advantages of each on order to reach harmony among the scholars regarding expert involvement in epistemology. This paper aims to propose such a model. It starts by presenting a literature review and analysis, followed by a detailed discussion of the most important approaches to the field of study and research, and ends by presenting a framework that aims to corroborate the established schools of thought about instruction and the role of experts as guides for research. Literature Review: The study and analysis of the currently available literature on the subject is important in order to ascertain the extent of progress in the pertinent field and the frequency of research conducted. Such research is important to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the issue under discussion, that is, the use of experts in the field of scholarly research. This literature review would be divided into two parts: the synthesis of the available information on the subject, followed by a scholarly analysis of the literature, discussing the shortcomings of the available material regarding the subject. Synthesis: the literature discusses the role of experts in research under two distinct models; the traditional method of expert instruction, and the more recent method of constructivism (Murphy, 1997). A most comprehensive study made on the subject is by far the article ‘Towards Expert Knowledge?’ by Paivi Tynjala, published in the International Journal of Educational Research in 1999. In this article, Tynjala makes a comparison between the traditional instructional set up and the more recent advent of constructivist education. The article starts by describing the established model of learning across the majority of institutes, analyzing its characteristics and presenting the issues that arise from the practice of that traditional system in the present day evolved framework of academia. it deconstructs the issue into its constituents, discussing each component separately, such as the ontology of expertise, the epistemology of gaining expertise, the methodology involved, and the shortcomings of that methodology. It presents as a solution the pure form of constructivist model, demanding a sheer shift from one system to the other and submitting that such a drastic changeover is the only method of catering to the changing needs of the field. It does not present any model for integration of the two systems, rather simply advocates const ructivism. Another extensive research on the topic comes from Kimberly A. Galt, in his work ‘Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches to research and inquiry’ (2008). The discussion starts by defining the different approaches to learning, such as epistemology, ontology, and methodology, and then progresses to the detailed discussion of each, focusing the most on methodology. It includes detailed analysis of the different types of methodology, like quantitative, qualitative, and mixed, listing the characteristics of each and set ups in which each could be adequately used. This study does not aim at upholding a certain system, but leaves the conclusion to be drawn by the researcher as to which methodology of epistemology suits his mind frame. There are very few other such open-ended studies available on the subject. Helen Gosse, Holly Gunn, and Leon Swinkels, in their article

Thursday, October 31, 2019

A specific insurance company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A specific insurance company - Research Paper Example For the year 2013 the company’s products/operations were divided as followed: In 2012 the company reported an additional 2% increase in revenues mainly due to increased sales of property/casualty premiums and higher return on investments. Although the company has reported improved revenue streams during the past few years, their growth has been mainly fueled by expected organic growth. The company growth strategy has been geared towards increasing insurance premiums sales by enhancing their independent agent network, improving sales support and organization and improving their online sales platform. Allstate has also been working to lean down operations through the sale of less profitable segments such as the sale of the Lincoln Benefit Life unit to Resolution Life in 2014 for $600 million (Hoovers). The purchase of their subsidiary Esurance in 2011 helped solidify Allstates online presence and improve their corporate image as an innovator. Allstates management has been working towards improving their profitability through careful risk management, maintaining their current levels of profitability in the auto segment as well as increasing returns in their homeowners insurance and annuity business segments. It is interesting that the majority of the insurance advertisements in cable TV, as well as online popular TV websites such as Hulu are about Esurance and Allstates brands. Allstates main rival is State Farm, a giant privately held company with currently the largest market share in the U.S. insurance market. State Farm is the top provider of casualty, property, life, health as well as auto insurance. The other main competitors for Allstate are Progressive (PGR) with a $19.86 billion in market capitalization and Farmers Group (Yahoo). To better gauge Allstate’s financial performance I will analyze some of the companys key financial ratios and how the compare with industry averages. From the

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Indigenous Cultures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Indigenous Cultures - Research Paper Example That is why they are settled around Ometepec, Tlacoachistlahuaca, San Pedro and Xochistlahuaca (Wauchope 418). They are located around the slopes of the mountains that surround the municipalities on fertile land. The people are settled on over 2, 500km region near the coast parts of the borders and they total to over 45,000 people. At the same time, the indigenous group has a well-defined culture that constitute of nuclear and extended families, catholic religion and practice agriculture. In most cases, the male partners are patriarchal and control all systems of leadership in the society. It is a culture for the people of Amuzgo to respect gender roles in their communities. The boys take full responsibility of accompanying their fathers into the farms to gain agricultural knowledge. Given that agriculture is the basic resource of livelihood in the Southwest borders, the Amuzgo boys must gain basic knowledge. Also, 90 percent of the people practice catholic religion with the remaining 10 percent being Protestants (Vinding, 91). The Amuzgo people also have various tongues in their language based on the dialect and community of livelihood. This is based on the variation in the tongues used in naming various mythical origins. According text testing that were done in 1900s, the variation in language of the distinctive communities that reside around Southwest part of Mexico as Amuzgo people are the same. That is why it is most common in Guerrero and Oaxaca. In conclusion, it is evident that Amuzgo Indigenous people are diverse in their culture, language and character traits. This is based on the fact that they have different tongues but are able to intermingle in their agricultural activities. Also, they are located in different municipalities around Guerrero and Oaxaca borders but work towards a common goal of conserving their culture and

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Reducing Anxiety among Radiology Patients

Reducing Anxiety among Radiology Patients INTRODUCTION Background of the Study As the technologic complexity of radiologic procedures has grown, the emotional reactions of patients to imaging procedures have become more prominent, and interaction between patients and the staff of diagnostic radiology units has become more important 1. Like the smaller number of patients surveyed by Monics et al 2 after undergoing a variety of radiologic procedures at a teaching hospital, patients in this sample were more concerned with explanations of procedures and results, and with factors affecting their physical comfort, than with the competency of the staff or their own convenience. Patients awaiting therapeutic procedures commonly report anxiety 1, fears about the unknown, pain, possibility of further interventions, complications, destruction of body image, disruption of life plans, loss of control, disability, and loss of life 2. Most of the time, one might assume that diagnostic tests, which typically carry fewer risks than invasive therapeutic procedures, would create less distress. Diagnostic tests, however, inherently harbor uncertainty, which can be a potent stressor and has been linked to poor coping with health-related issues, as well as poor adaptation and recovery 4. Hence, the conduct of this study in this aspect will assess the level of distress in patients awaiting radiological procedure particularly in breast , transvaginal and scrotal ultrasound. The study will also provide effective protocol in the conduct of giving information to patients. Review of Related Literature Waiting room distress can impact patients and radiology resources by taxing â€Å"departmental resources in terms of appointment cancellations, patients’ lack of cooperation, extended room times, increased medication use, prolonged recovery and inability to complete imaging procedures well or at all, with adverse impact on both image quality and reimbursement,† wrote Nicole Flory, PhD, of the department of radiology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical-Harvard Medical School in Boston, and colleagues 5. Attention to patient’s acute distress before and during procedures is important because distress may cause hemodynamic instability, procedural complications, and other adverse events 6. As mentioned by KrantzDS et al 7, stress and anxiety may cause adverse events through elevated levels of blood pressure, heart rate, coronary constriction, and stress hormones. Jangland et al 8 found that, among those patients who complained about care and increased anxiety, the most common complaints were insufà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cient information, inadequate respect, and insufà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cient empathy. In the study of Nicole Flory, et al 5 they concluded that uncertainty of diagnosis can weigh heavily on the patient, and perceptions of what medical personnel may consider â€Å"minor† do not necessarily reflect the patient’s experience. Training medical personnel in how to communicate with these patients and to assuage their distress promises not only to relieve the patients’ distress but also to positively affect departmental resources. In our literature search, we identified no previous studies of topics related to anxiety reduction prior to radiologic procedure. Also, no particular studies were taken in comparative assessment of psychological distress in conjunction with imaging procedures using the standard verbal explanation against the audio visual presentation. This study therefore will take advantage of the availability of preprocedural surveys from prospective randomize control trials that will be performed in department of radiology with patients at various radiologic procedures using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Research questions What is the prevalence of anxiety and depression among patients referred for breast, transvaginal and scrotal ultrasound using the adaptive verbal pre-procedural briefing versus with complimentary audio visual presentation? What is the level of anxiety and depression among patients referred for breast, transvaginal and scrotal ultrasound using the adaptive verbal pre-procedural briefing versus with additional audio visual presentation? Is there any differences between anxiety and depression rate in patients undergoing breast, transvaginal and scrotal ultrasound using the adaptive verbal pre-procedural briefing versus with audio visual presentation?   Significance of the study In the current set-up of our department in radiology, at most three residents are assigned to ultrasound section, catering 60 patients per day with resident to patient ratio of 1:30 in an 8 hour-shift. This would only give the resident 8 minutes per patient to do his/her doctor-patient interaction. All patients under fasting, are the most priority causing all other patient to have a waiting time of about an hour or two for her/him to be served, and this where the patients for breast, scrotal and transvaginal falls. These procedures also give more anxiety and distress if not explained well by their respective doctors because of its very intimate approach. With this existing reality, having an audio-visual presentation as an additional tool of information might help alleviate patient’s anxiety and distress. This assessment is a first step in evaluating the adaptive verbal pre-procedural protocol in the radiology department with that of another additional audio-visual presentation, and the results of such an evaluation then can help guide specific interventions toward better outcomes. Objectives General objective This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the additional audio-visual briefing presentation versus the adapted pre-procedural verbal briefing only among patients referred for breast, transvaginal and scrotal ultrasound in Department of Radiological and Imaging Sciences at Southern Philippines Medical Center, Davao City in reducing the level of anxiety/depression using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) model. Specifically, this study aims to determine the following: a. Demographic and clinical profile of patients who will underwent breast, scrotal, transvaginal ultrasound. b. To compare the effectiveness of adapted verbal pre-procedural briefing against with additional audio-visual presentation in decreasing the anxiety/depression level among patients referred for imaging study. c. To suggest recommendation to policy makers and professionals for adoption of creative ways to control or minimize this phenomena. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Setting: The study will be conducted at the Department of Radiological and Imaging Sciences waiting section at Southern Philippines Medical Center, Davao City. The study will be done over a period of three months (April to June 2014) Study Participants All patients referred to the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences facility at Southern Philippines Medical Center for breast, transvaginal and scrotal ultrasound, that is qualified to join in the study. Below are the inclusion and the exclusion criteria for patients who are candidates for the study. Inclusion criteria Adult patients (18 – 65 years old) who will give their consent for the study. Understands English language Patients who do not meet any criteria for a mental health disorder using the Global Mental Health Assessment Tool (GMHAT) of the World Health Organization Patient should have mild or moderate levels of anxiety at the start of the trial Ambulatory Conscious Exclusion criteria All patients who will undergo breast, transvaginal and scrotal procedure that will not give their consent for the study and will not meet the inclusion criteria. Baseline Data Collection Consents for the research study will be obtained by the researcher between the ages of approximately 18 and 65 years of age. All consecutive patients who had completed their consent from April to July 2014 will be evaluated for study eligibility by the researcher. All patients who will participate will undergo Global Mental Health Assessment Tool (GMHAT) of the World Health Organization to exclude patients having overt mental disorder and will be advised to seek professional help. A randomized selection of patients will be done wherein they are asked to blindly select which group they will fall by drawing lots. First group will undergo the usual verbal pre-procedural briefing while the second group will receive the additional audio-visual presentation. The researcher will ask consecutive eligible patients to participate in a study in which the level of anxiety and depression will be assessed prior to ultrasound procedure. Both groups will be handed identical stacks of psychological questionnaire: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(Appendix 1) under the supervision of the investigator. Patients will be at liberty with regard to the sequence in which they would fill out the questionnaires. Another identical stack of HADS questionnaires will be given to the participants after the end of the intervention still under the supervision of the investigator. Outcome Measures Socio-demographic questionnaires The demographic information includes age, gender, education and occupation. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS): The HADS is a screening tool for anxiety and depression in non-psychiatric clinical populations. The scale consists of 14 items (7 each for anxiety and depression). Each item is rated on a four point scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 3 (very often). Responses are based on the relative frequency of symptoms over the preceding week. Possible scores range from 0 to 21 for each subscale. An analysis of scores on the two subscales supported the differentiation of each mood state into four ranges: ‘mild cases’ (scores 8-10), ‘moderate cases’ (scores 11-15), and ‘severe cases’ (scores 16 or higher). HADS was validated by group of researchers (Ingvar Bjelland, Alv A. Dahl, Tone Tangen Haug, Dag Neckelmann) from Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Section for Preventive Medicine and Department of Psychiatry of Norway using Cronbalch’s alpha. In their study, the sensitivity and specificity for HADS of approximately 0.80 were very similar to the sensitivity and specificity achieved by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Hence the review confirmed the assumption that HADS is a questionnaire that performs well in screening for the separate dimensions of anxiety and depression and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in patients from nonpsychiatric hospital clinics9. Audio Visual Presentation: The video will run for 10 minutes and must answer the following questions of: a. WHAT IS THE PROCEDURE? b. WHY IS THE PROCEDURE NECESSARY? c. HOW IS THE PROCEDURE DONE? d. WHAT ARE THE RISKS AND COMPLICATIONS OF THE PROCEDURE? The video will be in full English language. The video will be validated by a Mass Communication professor by issuing a certificate. The video will be presented to at least 10 randomized selected persons outside the DORIS personnel before the actual test will be done. At the end of the video they must able to answer the above questions. During the actual test, video will be presented in groups through television in a separate room. Data Handling and Analyses The data will be collected directly from the patients by using HADS Scale questionnaires in DORIS at SPMC. Detailed information about the study will be given to each participant using English language and consent to participate will be obtained. Over viewing of the questionnaire will be the first step, prior to data entry; this will be followed by designing an entry model using the computer Statistical Package for Social Science SPSS. The coded questionnaires will be entered into the computer by the researcher. Data cleaning will be done through checking out a random number of the questionnaires and through exploring descriptive statistics frequencies for all variables. All suspected or missed values will be checked by revising the available sheets. The researcher will use Statistical Package for Social Science SPSS to analyze the research questions by using Chi square, ANOVA, and t test to answer the objectives. Also, the researcher used descriptive statistics to explore frequencies of all variables. Statistically significant values are considered at P values is equal or less than 0.05. Sample Size Considerations The sample size that will be used in the study is the total summation of the patients who will undergo breast, transvaginal and scrotal ultrasound who will give their consent and within the inclusion criteria from April to July of 2014.